This project falls within the scope of traditional Chinese medicine orthopedics. It has been supported by national funding such as the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund, Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation, and the National '973' Plan Project. Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease in humans, and its incidence rate is further increasing due to population aging, making it an important research topic in the field of health and wellness both in China and around the world. The project team has been conducting 'Clinical and Basic Research on Treating Osteoporosis with Kidney-Tonifying and Essence-Filling Method' for 16 years. Through persistent efforts, they have formed five scientific innovations: Based on the theory of 'Kidney Governs Bone' and long-term clinical practice, they established that 'Kidney-Tonifying and Essence-Filling Method' is the basic principle for treating osteoporosis and completed a systematic review study in evidence-based medicine. On this basis, they also completed the Kidney-Tonifying and Essence-Filling Method ( A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial study of Wen Shen Yang Granules and Zhi Shen Yin Granules for the treatment of osteoporosis has demonstrated that these granules can increase bone density, alleviate bone pain, reduce symptoms of kidney deficiency, improve quality of life, and establish a standardized clinical research protocol and evaluation technology. Using genetic engineering technology, an in vitro and in vivo drug screening system for the treatment of osteoporosis has been established, proving that the kidney-tonifying and essence-filling formula (including Epimedium, Psoralea corylifolia, Cnidium monnieri, etc.) and its active components, such as icariin, psoralen, and osthole, can increase osteoblast differentiation and improve the bone structure of osteoporosis animals, increase bone mass, and enhance bone strength. A 'Kidney Tonifying Chinese Medicine Active Component Database' for the treatment of osteoporosis has been established, as well as technical standards for Chinese medicine screening experiments. Using transgenic and gene knockout model mice, a new signaling pathway for β-catenin regulation of bone remodeling was revealed, and an animal model induced by overexpression of β-catenin to promote osteophyte formation was established. A new molecular target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases was discovered. Using retroviral transduction, RNAi, and gene knockout techniques, it was found that Runx1, Runx2, and their subtypes have a direct role in regulating the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and cartilage formation, and the different roles of BMP2 and BMP4 in endochondral ossification were clarified. Using model animalology and molecular biology techniques, it was found that warming kidney yang drugs and nourishing kidney yin drugs promote osteogenesis through common and individual mechanisms of action. The former act on the β-catenin and BMP signaling pathways, while the latter act on the Notch signaling pathway. Enriched the scientific connotations of traditional Chinese medicine's theories such as 'Kidney Governs Bone' and 'Seeking Yang within Yin, Seeking Yin within Yang'. Has successively received funding from 28 national and provincial-level projects. Hosted 9 international bone biology symposia, participated in 52 domestic and international academic exchanges, with 46 papers included in ISTP, and won 13 international outstanding young academic awards (ASBMR Young Investigator Award); Published a total of 160 papers, including 50 SCI-indexed papers with an overall impact factor of 281 and 2095 citations (including more than 200 citations from journals with IF greater than 10 such as Science and Nat Med); Edited or co-edited 8 textbooks including the 'Twelfth Five-Year Plan' compulsory curriculum for health departments and the national higher education institutions of traditional Chinese medicine. Applied for 15 patents, with 9 granted. Cultivated 9 postdoctoral fellows, and 68 doctoral and master's students, winning the 'National Top 100 Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award'. The research team has become a national clinical research base in traditional Chinese medicine, a national key specialty in clinical practice, a jointly constructed laboratory by provincial and ministerial departments under the Ministry of Education, and a 'Innovation Team' under the National Ministry of Education. The 'Kidney-Tonifying Essence-Filling Method' has been incorporated into the unified textbooks for undergraduate and graduate students at TCM colleges nationwide; standardized clinical and experimental protocols have been promoted in 69 hospitals and research institutes across the country, forming an international scientific research collaboration network that has improved the clinical prevention and treatment levels of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. This achievement highlights the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as its modernization and internationalization level.