This project falls within the scope of basic research applications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on tumors. Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate and unsatisfactory current treatment outcomes. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a positive role in the treatment of colorectal cancer. With the advancement of clinical and research practices in TCM on tumors, new research findings have been accumulated. How to rationally utilize these research findings, develop effective prescriptions for the treatment of colorectal cancer, clarify its tumor biological basis, and further improve the clinical efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment has become a key scientific issue in current TCM oncology research. Based on the clinical practice of colorectal cancer in TCM, the project refines pathogenic mechanisms such as toxin accumulation, damp obstruction, and spleen deficiency. It introduces research findings from tumor biology and anti-cancer traditional Chinese medicine, condensing the treatment protocol for colorectal cancer - Tenglong Bushen Decoction, as an anti-cancer traditional Chinese medicine compound. Tenglong Bushen Decoction is the first traditional Chinese medicine compound to be granted a national invention patent for promoting the aging of tumor cells. Patent No.: ZL200910197565.2). The project systematically studied the effects of Tenglong Bushen Decoction on colorectal cancer treatment, its tumor biology basis, and signal transduction from epigenetics to genes and proteins to clinical research levels. It was one of the first to conduct research on the anti-aging effect of traditional Chinese medicine on colorectal cancer cells, confirming that Tenglong Bushen Decoction can upregulate the expression of CDKN1A and CDKN2A, inhibit the phosphorylation of RB protein, promote the aging of colorectal cancer cells; suppress the expression of Survivin and XIAP, activate Caspase-3/8/9, promote PARP cleavage, and induce apoptosis through both endogenous and exogenous pathways; at the same time, it downregulates VEGF expression, inhibits angiogenesis in colorectal cancer; thereby inhibiting the proliferation, clone formation, and tumor growth of colorectal cancer cells. The tumor biological basis of the effects of Tenglong Bushen Decoction has been clarified: it induces cellular senescence, stimulates apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis. The project was the first to carry out research on the epigenetic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer. In terms of histone acetylation, Tenglong Bushen Decoction can inhibit HDAC1 activity, promote the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 at the promoter region of CDKN1A gene, and upregulate CDKN1A expression. In terms of DNA methylation, Tenglong Bushen Decoction can regulate the methylation of genes involved in cancer pathways, cellular senescence, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion/migration, protein phosphorylation, transcriptional regulation, and other biological processes and signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells. Epigenetic regulation is an important mechanism of action for Tenglong Bushen Decoction. Based on the composition of Tenglong Bushen Decoction, the project was the first to study the tumor biological effects of traditional Chinese medicine resources such as Dried Hawthorn Fruit Root on colorectal cancer cells. It was confirmed that Dried Hawthorn Fruit Root Bilberry can inhibit the suspension growth of colorectal cancer cells, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activate caspase-3, and trigger anoikis in colorectal cancer cells; Solanum nigrum can inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. The combination of Ampelopsis grossedentata, Solanum nigrum, and Bilberry can regulate ROS-caspase signaling, enhancing the effects on colorectal cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis/anoikis. Clinical studies (NIH ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01975454) have shown that the Ampelopsis grossedentata and Solanum nigrum decoction can regulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, stimulate a Th1-type cellular immune response, inhibit the function of Treg cells, and improve the patient's immune function; enhance the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy on colorectal cancer, reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapy; improve the clinical symptoms of colorectal cancer patients and enhance their quality of life. Tenglong Bushen Decoction can be used for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer and for maintenance therapy after postoperative chemotherapy. The project has published 28 papers, including 2 SCI-indexed articles, with a total of 176 citations; it has obtained 1 national invention patent, participated in 8 international and national academic exchanges, and trained 6 graduate students. The research results of the project have been applied by multiple hospitals and research institutions, generating significant social benefits. The project has deepened the scientific connotations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) detoxification, diuresis, and spleen strengthening treatments for colorectal cancer, enriched and perfected the TCM treatment methods and theoretical system for colorectal cancer, and provided new scientific foundations for the TCM treatment of colorectal cancer.